Blog 4. What is the relation between economics and globalization?

1. What is the main issue about the realtionship between economy and globalization?
That is TNC. TNC means the transnational corporation- is the main actor performing in the world economy.
 Coporations which have located outside their home country and have the power
to control other countries as economy and to manufacture productinon outside
their home country have made business empires at a world scale. the companines like thoesare increasing and growing in the world. And TNC activity is measured by using statistics on FDI.
 Then wht and how firms are transnationalizaed? First, the reasons wy the firms extend their operations are market-oriented investment and asset-oriendted investment. The firms want to create more profits from other countires beyond their home country because they even can't get investment from their home country anymore. And  Second, the way the firms develop transnational activities is greenfield and cooperate with other firms.
 The TNCs are the most important aspect in global economy market. They have so powerful authority to extend their business in their ways.

2. I think that we should consider TNCs with a critical view. TNCs have brought the development
of global economy but, in fact not global. It just is the development which is selfish and
partial.

3. I guess that the most influential part of globalization is economy. I hope that we
know more about how globalization have affected global economy and our daily lives.

The globalization of economy of South Korea

Relationship between economics and globalization

- The globalization of economy of South Korea

     The economy of Korea Rep. started to globalize itself throughout the 1960s, because of the lack of technology and the insufficiency of resources. Korea had to fulfill its resources through importation, but the money for the importation was not enough, thus, the structure of the economy of Korea automatically  designed to ‘earning dollar-based exportation’. The result of this economy program was not that bad and Korea right now is one of the most important economical nations. The ‘globalization-based economy’ brought the success to Korea. Countries like before South Korea - countries with lack of resources - tries to follow what it had walked through and to those countries, no words are necessary in the point of the importance of the globalization of economy. However, this kind of economic type, high dependency economy, makes huge problem when the world economy trembles. Almost every economic necessities will get harmed throughout the entire country, such as oil, steel, gas and more. 

     Consequently, the globalization of economy is not an option because of the lack of resources, the limitation of capital and so on. Economics and globalization is an one-set term, not a separate concept.

What is the relation between economics and globalization?

1. Economy is also moving beyond geographical boundaries of nations. There are many multinational corporations like Mcdonalds, Coca cola everywhere in the world. Also, economic interdependence between countries has increased. We can find that the volume of trade has increased. (Except the World War) However, It is not true that these economic flow always doesn't be hindered from something. Some cacophonies of economic globalization can be existing. So TNC is very important part in economic globalization. Briefly, It is the transnational corporation beyond national boundaries.
 Capitalism survived among many social ideologies. And the invisible hand that can move money of the world is moving our economy. But are it just right things these corporation of capitalism? The documentary that we watched in our class (The Corporation, 2003) show us the scene of capitalism. The brands wrapped by commercial are familiar with us. And They have dominated us little by little. Can we blame them because they caused economic polarization and took resources indiscriminately? I think that we should never forget that we are also the part of capitalism.
 In conclusion, I think that economic globalization is a viewpoint of macroscopic economy. However, it has many problems nowadays. We should think about the hidden side of economic globalization.
2. At the end of the class, I have many doubtful points about the conception of globalization that we have just thought positive. I think we should keep approaching these problems with interests.
3. I wonder how can we change this enormous world. It won't be easy. But we can't disregard the refugees who are still starving in Africa or the employees who have a slender income in the Third World countries any more.

Korea Herald) [Editorial] Move to join TPP

[Editorial] Move to join TPP

Korea needs to embrace regional bloc

Korea, ending a protracted deliberation process, is near to joining negotiations on the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a multilateral agreement to liberalize trade in the Asia-Pacific. It said last Friday it would make a final decision after talks with the United States, Japan, Canada, Australia and eight other negotiating partners.

The forthcoming consultations are little more than a formality, given that Korea, the eighth-largest trader in the world, has long been urged by the United States to join the negotiations on lowering trade barriers among 12 nations that make up 38 percent of the world’s economy. Korea, which already has free trade agreements with the United States, the European Union and other economies, has had to weigh potential gains from the TPP against potential losses.

Korea has detractors both domestically and abroad. Farmers are at the forefront of the domestic groups that are against the proposal to promote regional economic integration through the TPP. The opponents are worried about the wider opening of the domestic agricultural market and the lowering of protective barriers, both tariff and non-tariff.

Before making a final decision, Korea has had to take caution, as the TPP is perceived by China to be a U.S.-led strategy to encircle the second-largest economy in the world. Korea has needed to consider the potential impact its membership of the TPP would have on its relations with China, its largest trading partner. Moreover, it is in the process of negotiating a free trade agreement with China.

But it is hard for Korea to ignore the potential benefits. According to one study, the lowering of tariff barriers alone will raise its gross domestic product by 2.5 percent or higher in real terms by 2025. Such huge benefits are reportedly attractive to China as well.

Korea, a nation poor in natural resources, has no choice other than to embrace the new trade order that is emerging from the TPP. Korea needs to expand its trade of goods and services and encourage foreign direct investment by joining what is shaping up to be the most powerful trade bloc in the world, if it wishes to pull itself out of the low-growth mode. While pursuing membership to the TPP, however, it will have to make efforts to resolve conflicts with its detractors.

A link for photo about how Koreans react to TPP

'Chaos at TTP public hearing'

http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2013/11/602_146375.html

경향신문 기사) TPP는 또 하나의 한·미 FTA

11월15일 산업통상자원부가 주최한 환태평양 FTA 환태평양경제동반자협정(TPP) 공청회가 열렸다. 하지만 시작부터 어디서 많이 보던 광경이 연출되었다. 회의장 옆방을 입추의 여지 없이 가득 채운 경찰들, 그리고 회의장 뒷좌석의 용역들, 모두 힘을 모아 소리치는 농민들을 밖으로 내몬다. 2006년 2월 한·미 FTA 공청회의 ‘데자뷰’! 이해당사자들의 목소리를 들어야 할 공청회의 연단에는 막상 노동자, 농민, 중소기업, 환경단체 등은 눈을 씻고 봐도 없다. 공청회의 프레임도 찬반이 아닌, 찬성 중 ‘지금 하자’와 ‘좀 있다 하자’로 짜여 있다.

‘신중론’으로 포장된, 실은 찬성론의 한 변종이라 할 ‘좀 있다 하자’론은 그 근거로 이런 것을 들고 있다. 첫째, 실익이 미미하며, 둘째, 한·일 FTA가 TPP의 핵심이라고 할 때 제조업 피해가 상당하며, 셋째, 중국을 자극해 한·중 FTA에 부담이 된다. ‘지금 하자’론에 비해 ‘좀 있다 하자’론이 그나마 좀 더 현실적인 판단을 하고 있는 셈이다.

하지만 이나 저나 TPP의 위험성에 귀를 막고 있다는 점에서는 별반 차이가 없다. 다른 무엇보다 며칠 전 폭로된 TPP 지적재산권 챕터는 통상조약이 어떻게 국내 민주적 절차를 우회해서 초국적 자본의 이익을 극단적으로 대변하는지, 또 이를 통해 민주주의가 어떻게 공동화될 수 있는지를 여실히 보여준다. 알려진 바, 지재권 챕터의 감시 및 집행 규정 등은 미국, 한국 등이 서명했지만 유럽의회가 거부함으로써 무산된 ‘위조품 거래방지협정’(ACTA)’이나 ‘온라인 저작권 침해금지 법’(SOPA) 등에서 다시 긁어 모은 것이다. 만일 미 의회가 새로운 패스트트랙 법안을 입법해 수정없는 찬반만을 물어 TPP가 통과된다면, 이는 입법부를 우회하더라도 얼마든지 초국적 기업의 이익이 관철될 수 있음을 의미한다.

실제 TPP는 밀실에서 극비리에 추진되어 왔고, 미 의회조차도 사실상 배제한 채 오직 600여명의 미기업 자문역만이 협정문 작업에 참여한 것으로 알려져 있다. 문안작업에 참여한 미무역대표부 산하 지재권부문 산업통상자문위(ITAC) 위원들의 면면을 보면 왜 극비리에 협상이 추진되었는지 이해될 만 하다. 이들 비밀취급인가를 받은 16명의 위원은 GE, 존슨앤존슨, 시스코, AT&T, 영화 음반 등 엔터테인먼트, 생명공학, 제약업계 등 이익의 대변자로 구성되고 단 한명의 공익대변자도 없다. TPP는 그러므로 할리우드, 미 초국적 제약업계, 미 IT업계를 위한 극단적 보호주의의 다른 이름으로 자유무역과는 애당초 무관한 것이다.

더불어 작년에 유출되었던 투자챕터를 분석해 보면 TPP의 성격이 더욱 분명해진다. 핵심은 역시나 저 끝없는 논란거리인 투자자-정부 소송제(ISD)라 하겠다. ISD는 TPP 제12장 2절에 배치되어 있다. 특기할 만한 것은 첫째, 호주만은 ISD 수용을 거부했다는 점과 둘째, 무분별한 자본이동을 규제하기 위해 칠레가 중앙은행 외환의무예치제(URR) 권한을 확보했다는 점이다. 쉽게 말해 혹 우리가 TPP에 가입하더라도 호주정부를 상대로 ISD소송을 제기할 수 없으며, 칠레에 투자할 때는 투자액의 상당분을 칠레중앙은행에 무이자로 예치해야 한다는 말이다. 아무튼 분명한 것은 TPP로 인해 아·태지역국가 공공정책의 무력화 위험이 현저히 증대될 것이라는 점이다.

TPP는 그 자체 ‘높은 수준의 포괄적’ FTA이기 때문에 농업을 포함해 개별산업에 미치는 영향을 가늠하기가 쉽지 않다. 특히 사실상의 새로운 변수는 일본이기 때문에, 한·중 FTA로 인해 중하위 중소기업 대부분이 영향권에 포함된다면 TPP로 인해 자동차를 포함한 대기업도 상당한 충격을 받을 수밖에 없다. 한·미 FTA가 TPP의 한 원형이라고 볼 때, TPP는 곧 한·미 FTA가 환태평양 전역에 확산되는 것을 의미한다. 하지만 여기서 우리의 TPP 가입은 결국 쌀개방과 제조업 주력의 피해를 포함시켜, 한·미 FTA를 한 번 더 체결하는 것과 다를 바 없다
.

이해영 | 한신대 교수·국제관계학 2013-11-17

Blog 4. What is the relation between economics and globalization?

Transnational operation(TNC) is a key to understand economic globalization. Colonial and merchant capitalist created vast business empires at a world scale.First firm to engage in manufacturing production outside their home country didn't emerge until the second half of the nineteenth century, but it has drastically been increased since 1914 in 50 years. We also can see what's called global corporation like General Motors or Toyota. In this globalized world, there is an increasing diversity of TNCs. The reason for TNC activity could be seen as either market-oriented investment or asset-oriented investment. The first one is for companies which have reached saturation point in their domestic market to expand their market to abroad. The second one happened because of geographical unevenness. When a company wants to do TNC activity, they have two major ways. The first one ins 'greenfield' investment which is simply the building of totally new facilities which certainly is a risky venture. The second one is to enter into a strategic collaboration with one or more other firms like Motorola/IBM/Siemens/Toshiba developing new generation of memory chips together. It is important to think of networks of these kind of company or activity because TNCs are way more difficult to coordinate and control then single firms. Many countries made their time by joining and creating international organization such as EU or NAFTA. Asian countries which don't have that strong organization are also trying to make their own one. Living in the world where TNCs are very active is somewhat shaky though and we can see that confusion in WTO. This phenomenon also has brought some issues of how governments should be dealing with this, companies from other countries selling products in the country.

This society is running by market -theory and many people believe 'invisible hand and they think through competition, everything will get better and better. So they are open to agreement between countries like FTA for us. I still haven't been able to decide where to stand in terms of this matter because it is so complex and hard to do so. People still argue about that too. The only thing I am sure of is that TNC should head to more people's happiness. I recently watched a TED video which I also posted in this blog about economic gap in China. I think economic globalization should be contributing to distribute to the poor what we have already not helping the rich have more. My another thought is that economic globalization is closely related to political globalization because it works by the power of each government. That is inevitable but bitter fact.

Political globalization

Political globalization>>

According to Wikipedia, 

Politics (from Greek: politikos, meaning "of, for, or relating to citizens") is the practice and theory of influencing other people on a civic or individual level. More narrowly, it refers to achieving and exercising positions of governance — organized control over a human community, particularly a state.

Globalization is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture.

For political globalization, it is redirected to supranatinal union. A supranational union is a type of multi-national organization where negotiated power is delegated to an authority by governments of member states. The concept of supranational union is sometimes used to describe the European Union (EU), as a new type of political entity.

The relationship between globalization and political spaces and borders revolves around two key spatial dynamics. First is associated with the work of Castells who holds that the network society is constituted by the space of flows which exists in tension with a space of places. According to him, the advent of network society signals the decline of industrial society, the former relying on a space of flows, the latter ona space of places. The second dynamic is Beck's idea of 'cosmopolitanization' or 'globalization from within societies' which means the nature of state and society is undergoing change as a result of globalization and that domestic/foreign assume new meanings. By that, globalization can generate new roles and greater transborder networking and border less is revealed.   The relationship between spaces and borders is central to understanding poilitical globalization. Since they don't have to be understand as unitary and exclusive, the globe can focus on political things in a single place. It was a bit hard for me to understand the text so I looked up Wikipedia. Much easier to understand.  To talk about what I understood, when people gets power, they would want to keep their power in peaceful way by making certain terms of laws for their own and world. There are positive sides for the union such as EU, however some people at the top executives make good for their own; passing laws if they get benefits, do not pass the laws if it could harm them. Very complex,but let's think about this: there are so many concerns about political globalization. Could we find these examples in our life? such as in school. The article sounded difficult, so it would be nice to find out these kind of phenomenons in our life much easier to understand. Piotr! Could you help me?

South Korea's Fateful Decision on the Trans-Pacific Partnership

<South Korea's Fateful Decision on the Trans-Pacific Partnership>

http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2013/09/0918-south-korea-trans-pacific-partnership

A simple thought of political globalization

 

 What the writer implies in the reading is that political globalization is inevitable because of democracy, human rights, the simplicity of movement and so on. He also indicates that the rise of normative global culture is another point of view that seeing the world is politically globalizing. The examination of political globalization was practiced with four examples of social transformation: the transformation of nationality and citizenship, the public sphere and political communication, civil society, and space and borders.

 

 A question what I have brought up in my mind is that what if other type of politics has become a globalized standard. Does democracy and parliamentary government the best normalized promise among world society? Is there any considerable alternative for this economically unbalanced society?

Political Globalization 

1.

  The concept of globalization as used in this chapter refers to the multidimensional, accelerated and interconnected . There can be little doubt that one of the most pervasive forms of political globalization is the worldwide spread of democracy based on the parliamentary nationstate. acceptability. The famous thesis of the ‘end of history’ misinterpreted this to be the end of ideology, since the spread of liberal democracy did not lead to the end of ideology but to the proliferation of more and different kinds of ideology. The concept of civil society is much contested and for present purposes it simply refers to the political domain between the state and the market where informal politics takes place. The three dynamics of political globalization will be examined in this chapter around four examples of social transformation: the transformation of nationality and citizenship, the public sphere and political communication, civil society, and space and borders.

   A distinction needs to be made between states and nation-states. While most states are nation-states there is an important distinction which is particularly important in the context of political globalization. The decoupling of nationality and citizenship can be attributed to the impact of global normative culture, which has led to a blurring of the boundary between national and international law. Especially in the countries of the European Union, it is now more difficult for states to resist international law, which has become progressively incorporated into national law.

 Communication is central to politics. Nation-states have been based on centralized systems of communication ranging from national systems of education and science, national newspapers and media such as TV as well as national commemorations and popular culture in which national narratives and collective identities were codified, reproduced and legitimated.

Until now this has been mostly conceived of as a national public sphere. Most of the examples taken by Habermas relate to national public spheres. While debates continue on the question of the global public sphere as a transnational space, what is more important is the emergence of a global public discourse, which is less a spatially defi ned entity than a manifestation of discourse.

    The image of a ‘borderless world’ has long been associated with thinking about globalization. The power of global processes to transcend national borders, annihilate distance and unite through global catastrophe has provided the globalization literature with a range of powerful metaphors: the ‘global village’; ‘world polity’; ‘fragile earth’. It has also led to an interesting paradox.

    Against the background of the shifts outlined in this chapter, away from a statecentric world towards polycentric networks of governance and the development of a global political culture which works, in part, to hold the nation-state in stasis, the central question generated by political globalization is the degree to which the fragmentation of the social world leads to a loss of political autonomy. First, the globalization of the nation-state, and its model of political membership and institutionalized governance, has given form to the universal aspiration for democracy. Second, global normative culture, which has been disseminated by INGOs over a long period of time and has scripted the development of the nation-state as a global form, has also acted as a vector for global norms of personhood positing a world of individuals sustained by human rights law.

2..

  Polycentric networks, and in particular the development of global civil society, create new opportunities for autonomy and the recognition of a range of new actors and new modes of governance, but, at the same time, can create new instabilities and dangers. Global civil society actors do not necessarily work for peace, freedom and democratization; the so-called ‘dark-side’ of civil society.

   The autonomy possessed by civil society actors and the ways in which they lack accountability and democratic credentials, and tend in any case to be self-appointed spokespersons for the causes they espouse, creates new political spaces and transnational networks which can easily be appropriated by terrorists, traffickers in drugs and people, and organized crime in such a way as to undermine a nascent world polity.

3.

  What is the examples of ‘dark-side’ of civil society? 

-Yirang Kim  (yirangbu@naver.com)

Blog 3. "What is the relation between politics and globalization?” by San Ha :Lee

 

“What is the relation between politics and globalization?” by San Ha :Lee

 

 

Political globalization has important question, that is the degree to which the fragmentation of the social world leads to a loss of political autonomy. And political globalization has the three processes global geopolitics, global normative culture and polycentric networks.

First, global geopolitics. The nation-state has identity and it is helpful for democracy

to spread all over the world. But also, there are some problems of that, democracy rises conflicts.

Second, global normative culuture is realated with human right laws.

And it supports the human right.

Finally, polycentric networks, because of the development of global civil society, make new opportunities for autonomy and the recognition of a range of new actors and new modes of governance

But they also have danger that they leads to lack accountability and democratic credentials.

Political globalization is a result and process of the tension among these three processes.

What is the relation between politics and globalization?

1. Political systems have very strong and important power in the society. These power is coercive, symbolic, administrative and incentive. Globalization has a great effect on these political systems. most government of the countries has democracy. That's because globalization spread throughout the world. Furthermore some countries make political unions. Because They put emphasis on dependence and cooperation between countries. They form international norms and law to make an alliance. This it very important issue in globalization. In the reading, there are three processes which interact to produce the complex field of global politics: global geopolitics, global normative culture and polycentric networks.
 2. I think international politics is to make an effort to maintain international order through the globalization.
 3. The north korea's formal name is Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Why they use the word, 'Democratic'?

3. What is the relation between politics and globalization?

Regarding political globalization, it concerns an approach to the social world that stresses postnational and transnational processes as well as a consciousness of the compresses nature of space and time. It is natural to think that democracy has been spread based on the parliamentary nationstate after the collapse of the Soviet Union by political globalization. The first dimension of political globalization is the geopolitics of global power. The second one is that it refers to the rise of global normative culture which includes the rights of individual and environmental concerns. The third one is polycentric networks which forms of nonterritorial politics. We can examine those three dimensions with for examples.

The first one is the transformation of the nation-state, nationality and citizenship. The question of the power states own has come up with political globalization, and the result is that states have to share sovereignty with other parts. However, states are more flexible in responding to globalization than nations with the result of which globalization has exercised pressure. It seems that nation and state have chosen to follow different way of dealing with globalization. The second one is the transformation of the public sphere and communication. The public sphere is the site of politics. The global is not outside the social world but it is inside it in numerous ways. So it is possible to see political communication in the public sphere as increasingly framed by global issues since the concept of public sphere has now moved into a wider view of cosmopolitan. The third one is the centrality of civil society. Global civil society is expected to resolve contradictory tendencies between the tendency of globalization to homogenize and the increasing emphasis on and respect for difference, and within the individuating power of globalization. Although it commonly means NGO-led activities, it is arguable whether civil society should be seen as a cohesive political realm, or it is better understood as a convenient umbrella term for a range of social movements and new social movements. The last one is about the transformation of spaces and borders. It is easy to associate globalization with the image of a ‘borderless world’, ‘global village’, and ‘fragile earth’. If we rethink the space and borders in the global knowledge economy and the networked society, we could reach that space is constitutive of social and political relations.

What I think about politics is that it exists to help people to live in a way that they want to achieve peacefully other than keeping power of it. With that being said, I insist that political globalization should be considered in the same way. The only difference is the size and the number of governments joined and it should be developed in a way for everybody in the world. However, it might just be an ideal concept of not only political, but also every aspect of globalization. Each country is not equal, under the two most powerful actors, and it could be really hard for everyone to make an effort for politically the globalized world. The good thing to consider is that though we are at least trying with like UN. I am really curious to see what political globalization would become and how that would affect our lives, especially in a sense of each country’s autonomy and whether they can be treated equally in the world. 

[TED TALK] Chrystia Freeland : The rise of the new global super-rich

I have one TED Talk that I would like to share with you guys since we are all learning globalization. I don't necessary agree with her 100%, but it may be good to listen to what she says and think about it for a minute.

It's about how the gap between the rich and the poor has been increased internationally through economic and technical globalization, and how it would affect our life. We've all learned that globalization has contributed to decrease absolute poverty, but relative poverty actually is rising.

http://on.ted.com/Plutocrats

The orgin of "the early dawn prayer ceremony".

"The early dawn prayer ceremony"

The early dawn prayer ceremony can only be seen in Korea. In the past time, about 1900s, an elder of a church in Pyeongyang, Sun-ju Gil, started to pray in the time of early dawn about his country's hardship - the Japanese occupation. This ceremony became popular and many people woke themselves up in the early morning and started to pray together by gathering in their churches. This special service went down to posterity and settled down as a representative Korean christianity character.

2008045489 Onestar Lim

[W2] Relation between culture and globalization

It is little bit hard to define cultural globalization since there are lots to consider such as economical, religious,etc. According to Wikipedia, Globalization (or globalisation) is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture.  Advances in transportation and telecommunications infrastructure, including the rise of the telegraph and its posterity the Internet, are major factors in globalization, generating further interdependence of economic and cultural activities.As we can see in this definition, culture is already related to globalization.
I don't agree with Clifford Geertz which he was saying 'Culture is not a power, something to which social events can be casually attributed' if I understood it correctly. I think by causally attributed, it can be a power. For example,
Jewish people has the power of enrolling in America's economy in variety of fields. Their thoughts, religion and other fields in capital things they earend from thoughts made a big power in America. We can say Jewish people has a big part of America's economical(?) system which is 'Power' in this time.
It was an interesting view that increasing global connectivity can be called the Third World. And some people understand globalization as a certain kind of culture's boundary. such as Americanism, westertnization. It is not quiet correct way to view connection between globalization and culture. than what else could be? I'm little bit confused about what I said above the article about Jewish people. I think it's a kind of cultural globallzation because many Jewish people are acting in variety of fields I think they are helping cultural globalization. did I understand it right?

Blog2. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GLOBALIZATION AND CULTURE by sanha Lee

W2. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GLOBALIZATION AND CULTURE



1)Today, people are creating more globally connected world than even 20 years ago.
To understand globalization  as a generalized process of increasing connectedness is
helpful us consider the multidimensional complexity of the process.
To clarify the relative sphere, it is important to study the economic sphere.
The economic sphere is powerful in globalization and also it affects the global culture.


2)I found that deterritorialization is the concept which is around us and familiar to m and the phenomenon of deterritorialization arises from a complex set of economic, political and technological factors.


3)I thought that globalization makes the world more convenient.
Because one global culture could help people understand each other and
make the feeling of solidarity. But also there must be disadvantages.
I want to discuss the topic like this considering the relationship between
globalization and culture.

The relationship between culture and globalization.

1) John Tomlinson was talking about both globalization and culture, and also its relationship. He mentioned that culture is a dimension in which globalization both has its effects and simultaneously is generated and shaped. Moreover, he introduced a speculation that the globalization will lead us to a unified global culture. Through explaining this he came out with many sociologists' concepts.

2) Almost every concept introduced by this essay was fresh to me. Actually, the term 'cosmopolitanism' was familiar to me because of the fashion brand name, but the real meaning of that was a pretty new for myself.


3) In the latest class, we talked about 'remix'. It is made of copy, transform, and combine. Remix is a very well-known term in the music industry but the exact identification of the term was not popular among us. There is another term that has a closest meaning to 'remix', and that is 'remake'. Musicians use both words as a synonym. 
 Since television audition programs got popular in Korea, some odd habits were occurred throughout the public. When a new music appears, people evaluate it as if they are a judge and it led to a funny phenomenon that almost every new released songs were accused to a plagiarism. However, this hot debates on online were somewhat useless fights because almost 9 out of 10 doubts were invalid assertions. Many trials were held and charges overissued in music industries. One of the well-known cases was the trial between a singer JYP and a composer Sin-il Kim. Kim sued JYP for a plagiarism of his song, however, the funniest thing is that both of their songs' chord work is similar to the song 'Officially missing you'. This is the representative case of how people can act when they cannot understand 'remix'. There is an English proverb saying that remix is an irresistible phenomenon: There is nothing new under the sun. While looking at the words, a sudden thought came up to me. Is there really a single thing cannot be 'created'? If yes, what can be defined as 'creation'? Is 'creating' is only for the God?


2008045489 Onestar Lim

what is the relation between culture and globalization?

what is the relation between culture and globalization?

1. The most simple way to define 'Globalizaion' is to say that it is a complex, accelerating, integrating process of global connectivity. This global connectivity includes not only national aspects but also personal aspects. We can get some photos and videos from friends who live other countries if we connect up our internet right now. And these influences of globalization also have an effect on our world. We already know we can't avoid it. However John Tomlinson asserted we must resist the temptation to attributing it with causal primacy in the globalization process. He said there is two reasons to previse it. First, resist the temptation to economic reductionism is that it operates on an unrealistically narrow conception of the economic. And the second reason is that it distorts our understanding of the sphere of culture. There is a danger that brings out like 'cultural imperialism', 'Americanization' or 'Westernization', or as the spread of a global capitalist-consumerist monoculture. In conclusion, Globalization might destroy some unique cultures.

2. We learned that is very difficult to create something completely new in our lesson. It reminds me ‘cultural toadyism’. We should accept globalization as a way to inspire for something new. Blind accepts can be like a poison to our culture.

3. I’m still confused with the boundary system of Remixing. I have doubts about whether how much effect the legal device about it.

Culture Globalization
  -"What is relationship between culture and globalization?"

1. Understanding globalization as a generalized process of increasing connectedness helps us to keep in mind the multidimensional complexity of the process.  But there nonetheless remain a good many tacit assumptions as to the relative importance of each of these dimensions.  We must resist the temptation to attribute it with causal primacy in the globalization process.  There are several reasons for this.  First, we aren't dealing with straght forward empirical judgements about what specific pracctices drive everything else.  So the temptation to economic reductionism is that it operates on an unrealistically narrow conception of the economic.  Second, that is distorts our understanding of sphere of culture.  We have to probe more about the peculiarly complicated and often elusive concept of culture.  The systemic integration of myriad small individual actions into the workings of the socialinstitutions which appear autonomously to govern our lives.
   Common speculation about globalization process is that it will lead to single global culture.  We can see 'the unifying' effects.  Eurocentrism.  True, such sentiments could scarcely flourish in today’s liberal intellectual culture, sharply attuned as it is to the claims of cultural difference. But still we can take a lesson from Marx’s example.  This certainly remains true today.
   One clear implication of the discussion in the previous section is that both utopian and dystopian speculations about a single integrated global culture are not only generally ethnocentric in their origins.  This is not via the macro analysis of ‘globality’, but precisely in the opposite way, by understanding the effects of globalization as they are felt within particular localities.  We have to develop these thoughts via a brief consideration of the fate of cultural identity in a globalizing world.


2. I can recognize about the 'totalitarianism of culture.  Which was spread of western capitalist, paricularly American culture and it threat of a loss of distinct non-Western culture traditions.
Brand such as Disney, Coca-Cola, Marlboro, Microsoft, Google, McDonal's and so on.  And also like formulaic Hollywood movies, Western popular music genres and television formats appear to many as what the filmmaker referred to as 'a kind of totalitarianism of culture.'


3.  What is different as a 'Christendom' point between pre-modern and today? And how it is relative with globalization?



2010044728 Yirang Kim

Blog1. - What is the globalization?

W1 - What is the globalization?

by San Ha Lee 

(This posting was supposed to be posted last week, But at that time 
I was not invited, so I just emailed to you with this posting) 

1) Many scholars and sociologists tried to define 'Globalization' but they couldn't do that. Because there were so many, opinions against their argument also many people in developing countries are not willing to accept definitions of globalization deriving from more privileged societal contexts. Because of these reasons, most of scholars speak of globalization in the plural ways. They don't considered globalization as a single process. But Velho has explained 

that globalization is like an object, a perspective and a horizon. 

According to his paradigm, globalization may be understood as the direction in which the world considered as a whole is moving. 

 Globalization consists mainly of two major directional tendencies, increasing global connectivity and increasing global consciousness. 

 As has been already said, Globalization is related to many parts of society.  the major dimensions of globalization are divided into four parts, those are the cultural, the social, the political and the economic which are related human life.  And according to Wallerstein and the scholars, globalization has a particular form. 

They think of globalization as a form which has intents and purposes. 

 Glocalization is about global and local. These days, it is not at all unusual to find the local being regarded as the opposite of the global. 

 Defining globalization is not the way to one direction but 

considering plural aspects of society. 

2) First of all, I thought globalization is like vague concept. 

But I found globalization is not a simple thing. And also there are many issues about globalization like anti-globalization, glocalization, the form of globalization..etc. Actually I can't say that I understand all of them, but at least I found that globalization is a four- dimensional theory. 

3) I just couldn't fully understand the parameters of the general process of globalization and Glocalization. Still confused. 

2. What is the relation between culture and globalization?

2. What is the relation between culture and globalization?

1) Let’s begin with defining globalization. It is a multidimensional process of the economy, of politics, of technological developments. It also refers to the rapidly developing and ever-densening network of interconnections and interdependencies that characterize material, social, economic and cultural life in the modern world. Due to our use of communication technologies, we can easily think of why connectivity has been increased, and that increased connectivity helps us to understand the multidimensional complexity of the process. Although it’s pretty dominant for people to think globalizations in economic ways, actually it’s not ideal to think that way, because it operates on an unrealistically narrow concept of the economic and it distorts our understanding of the sphere of culture.

Then, what is culture for? It is to generate meaning in life, and the primordial context in which human agency arises and takes place. Thus, when we think about globalization and culture, it is useful to think how culturally informed ‘local’ actions can have globalizing consequences. When we look around our lives, we can find that cultural globalization has reflexivity on modern life. In other words, we can say that culture is a dimension in which globalization both has its effects and simultaneously is generated and shaped.

One of the most common speculations about how globalization has shaped culture is that a single global culture has been led as we can see the unifying effects of connectivity. It’s easy to find multinational companies and their brands everywhere. Some people think it is an uneven process and cultural globalization implies a form of cultural imperialism for this reason. However, we also need to know that there are some waves of anti-Western movements. The reason we have a picture of the world as a core feature of Western cultural modernity is that it originated the world from bible long time ago. Even when communists, like Karl Marx, anticipated a future world in which the divisions of nations have disappeared using a universal language, he combined this vision with a deeply Eurocentric attitude to other cultures.

Another, more promising view of cultural globalization is understanding the effects of globalization as they are felt within particular localities, and it’s called ‘deterritorialization’ which means the loss of the natural relation of culture to geographical and social territories. It is not simply the loss of the experience of a local culture, it’s more like localities thrive in globalization. We actually live with this concept by watching American TV shows at home, eating food from different countries, and searching Google instead of visiting public library. As we can see, one biggest factor of this phenomenon is our increasing routine dependence on electronic media and communications technologies and systems. This ‘telemediatization’ helps us to feel what it is to exist as a social being in the modern world. The speed of electronic communication takes our social relation and cultural values way, however, we can’t deny that it promotes a new sensibility of cultural openness, human mutuality and global ethnical responsibility.

Cosmopolitan cultural politics should be taken more seriously because it has a dilemma of universal human rights or cultural difference. Identities are aspects of the differentiating, institutionalizing and socially regulating nature of modern life and globalization has been perhaps the most significant force in creating and proliferating cultural identity.

2) It’s very interesting to know about pre-modern example of imagined biblical ‘globalism’. It shows me that people, even back in the long time ago, were interested in the world and outside of their country, and the way that they imagined the world was based on what they knew and what they believed. In addition, I imagined briefly the world where Karl Marx imagined, which as a universal language and integrated cosmopolitan cultural tastes. If that happens so, why would I travel for? That world wouldn’t be as exciting as it is now, so I hope each country keeps its own culture like now, although I am not against cultural globalization. I believe it surely is our mission to be unified not losing each color.

3) I want to know more whether deterritorializaion is different from glocalization, and if so, what would be different.  

Globalization

1. On a variety of opinions about globalization, it can be seen in three ways; economic, political, and cultural. Globaliziaon has two important features which are increasing connectivity and global consciousness. Immanuel Wallerstein defines a world-system in several ways. A unit with a single division of labor and multiple cultural systems, a social systems that people live in, society that exist conflicting force, tear apart and functioning at different times in terms of strong and weakness.
In my opinion, from Joseon Dynasty or even more before that time, there exsisted sort of globalization. By trading, through export and import, different countries must have traded not only their products but also their culture.

2. It was interesting that there were more about and more to talk about globalization. For example, countries still arguing trying to get power in economical way. They get along together in certain ways like economical and cultural etc and make globalization movements.

3. More and more thoughts and theories about globalization are there in many areas. It is infinite to talk about. Capitalism is a system based on competition between free producers using free labor with free commodities, free meaning available for sale and purchase on a market. If I got this sentence right, I would ask a question, in the many concepts of world-systems, capitalism makes symptoms and situations in the meaning of free because free means there is no charge of making those symptoms??

About my own "Globalization"

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Onestar Lim 2008045489

1. Globalization is a common phenomenon occurring all over this globe. Human beings are born to communicate and it can be inferred through many chronological evidences. Nowadays people easily approach to one another’s thoughts via web browsers, social network services, television programs and more. Throughout all the increasing communications, the world is more globalizing ever. We can apply this term in economics, politics and also cultures. Globalization is also fueled by transportations and in before days there were negative aspects of it such as the “black plague”. Fore-time, the remarkable development in transportation carried not only products but also viruses, and the “black plague” is passed down through generations as a representative sample of the dark side of the globalization. There are many theories of globalization such as modernization theory, dependency theory and more. By translating one of the theories on Wikipedia, I plan to learn those. Cultural globalization brings us to think about symbols. On class we talked about the symbols and what does symbols stand for. For example, the superheroes are the hottest symbol of Hollywood these days and in my own perspective, the superheroes stand for the USA. To explain my standpoint, there are several elements which the superhero movies have. First, almost every superheroes speak English and live in the western. Next, they always fight for the USA and, by extension, in some movies they organized by the government of USA. These factors plant the millions of cinema audiences that the USA is both the world-police and the absolute good.
   
   
2. In my latest point of view, the term “globalization” is made newly with the enormous growth in network system. However, this thought was totally incorrect because there was the globalization in the era of Mongol Empire. Moreover, even if we turn the history clock to counterclockwise, there might have been “globalization” in any possible ways.
   
   
3. What would be the consequence of an excessive importation of other countries’ culture? Such as, the Korean singers’ unstoppable success in Japan is a considerable issue but the opposite side is not happening at all. 

What is the globalisation?

What is the globalisation?

1. Summary:

In the article, it's basically about the globalisation; what is the globalisation, where does it come from, how does it affect to our society. No one can defines the globalisation in a sentence. In my perspective, its meaning is still being broad as time goes by. Thus, it starts with the parameters of globalisation. There are two features of globalisation. The first is increasing connectivity. Another is increasing global consciousness.  Even though most of studies focus on the former one but Anthropologist, Sociologist and Cultural Historians focus on the latter. Whatsoever, both are important features of globalisation.

Also, there are three dimensions of globalisation; the cultural, the political and the economical of it. It should be weighted that in indicating to the social dimension  we are including the communicative. What's more, this listing is not to imply that any one of these dimensions is more important than the other. Nor is it to maintain that such factors as environmental or ecological change are excluded. After all, it is human perception of the environment which is the crucial element.

Globalisation has a particular form, one which has been, to all intents and purposes, terminated by the founding of the United Nations organisation. This means that, like the operation of the UN, globalisation is focused on four points of reference: nation-states; world politics; individuals; and humanity.

Globalisation is not a thing, not an ‘it’. Recognition of its conceptual position, as opposed to its being an existential matter, is of prime importance. 

2. What was interesting/ what did you learn:

The method of approach in globalisation is quite interesting to me. The sentence -“Globalisation is not a thing, not an ‘it’.” - has big impact on me. Because of this sentence, it can not be defined as an sentence. Moreover, it is more useful to discuss features of globalisation rather imply the definition of it.

Globalisation is an ongoing process, even right now. Some other impose on bad side of globalisation, specially cultural globalisation - McDonaldization. It’s could bring about a form of homogeneity. Nevertheless, it somehow change into glocalisation. The culture could accept it with a special filter-own cultural aspects. 

3. Discussion Point:

Globalisation is a perceptual thing. It's absolutely different for everyone. What is globalisation for us?

copyright © 2013 by Dorothy Yerim Kim 2011042606 All right reserved

What is globalization?

What is globalization - Roland Robertson and Kathleen E. White

1) 'What is globalization?' is continuosly question what follows many general sense. Such as include governance, global citizenship, human rights, migration and creation of diasporas and kinds and so on. We have to concerned matters of particular topics in globalization. So we should be emphasized that in major respect in the frequently used phrase and essentially contested concept. And there is deviation with respect to ideas about globalization. So a number of scholors speak globalization in the plural, and it plays not a single process. Velho said globalization as an object, a perspective and a horizon. It means being addressed from an Archimedean standpoint. This is not entirely possible, but nonetheless with sufficient reflexivity. So, in the Velho paradigm, globalization may be understood as the direction in which the world considered as a whole is moving.
   The parameters of the general proceses of globalization is very widely, thought tha tht emost important single defining feature of globalization. In Huntington's argument, civilization conflicts would revolve above all upon profound differences in conceptons of human life. It would be extremely foolish to deny the significance of the material resource aspects of recent international conflicts of to neglect the great salience of military and strategic considerations.
   There are three major dimensions of dimensions of globalization. such as: the economic, the political and the cultural. Ritzer has influentially called Mcdonaldization. Even if Ritzer has not told about it in this way, McDonaldization would be spoken in form of cultural globalization. There were many concerned about cultural imperialism, it was spread all around the America. Others like Nike, Starbucks, the Gap, KFC and so on. Founding consumption of goods or services around the world in a relatively homogeneous way it it necessary to adapt brands to local circumstsnces.
   The issue of the form of globalization was raised many scholoars, especially Imaanuel Wallersten.
Wallerstein raised an extremely important point in the early stages of his crucial work on the making of what he calls the modern world-system. When he spoke of the different ways in which the world could have become the singular ‘system’ that it has now more or less actually become.
   One of the dangers of undisciplined critique is tha tglobalization simply becomes a negative buzzword, something to emply aas a source of blame for each and every 'problem' on this planet.


2)There are interesting things mentioned about cultural imperialism. It is practice of promoting, distinguishing, separating, or aritificially injecting the culture or language of one naton in to another(from Wiki).Despit of this phenomenon there has been found different ways. In other words, even though adaptation to the local may promote heterogeneity, the way in whicch such projects of the kimd are implemented is frequently very similar across much of the world.


3)Does McDonaldization influence to the globalization in a positive way or nagative way? I think it would be many positive way and also have many nagative way too.



2010044728 Yirang Kim

2. What is Globalization?

What is Globalization?

 1) It is so hard to define ‘Globalization’ just a one sentence. The man who defined globalization for the first time is sociologist Roland Robertson. He defined “the compression of the world and the intensification of the consciousness of the world as a whole.” Besides, other sociologist defined globalization.

We recognized globalization as three parts ; Cultural, Political, Economic. First, the cultural globalization is easy to realize. It is an identical symbol, ideology and systems of uniform behavioral norms over the world. For example, international popularity of Gangnam style of Korean culture come under the cultural globalization. The cultural globalization has been studied in various ways like Cultural Homogenization, Cultural Hegemony, Westernization, Americanization and etc.

The political globalization is a development of a political infrastructure of global governance that resolve international conflicts of problems. Most new glabal governance is operating undemocratically. There are Many various international organizations that resolve international problems. They operate with their purpose; OECD, WTO, IMF, IBRD, BIS. These organizations will be more powerful as time goes by.

The economic globalization is increasing amount of trade between countries and economic interdependence of national economies all over the world. It isn’t just their own problem that is an financial crisis of some country. It can be threaten global economy. Think about financial crisis of European countries like Greece of Spain. At that time, not only European countries but also Asian countries an U.S felt serious economic crisis situation. The Economic globalization has been made possible with the evolution of Capitalism ideology over the past few hundred years and economic integration over the world.

 2) It is very interesting that each of countries has a kind of interdependent organizational power. Because conflicts and disputes are still existing, even if they know about that.

 3) Honestly, I think that most of countries understand the concept of globalization. In the Joseon Dynasty, we used to take a policy of seclusion. However, we already know that it is unnecessary. we know that globalization is natural. but why do conflicts and disputes still exist?

+)epilogue

 

I’m not sure I did my assignment right. :( Because I’m not good at English... BUT if I should adjust my assignment, I will do my best. Thank you for reading.

1. What is Globalization?

What is Globalization?

1)     Many scholars have been trying to define ‘globalizations’ on their own, but it has so many different topics under this, and it also has many disputes about the definition. Especially, people from developing countries don’t agree with the definition made by or from more privileged societal contexts. Hence, it’s natural to think that not only one definition we can get from Globalization.

However, there was a person who thought this term as a single process. Vello understood globalization as the direction which the whole world is moving, and this term used widely after the fall of the Berlin Wall. At that time, there were two kinds of people who took globalization economically or had a broader view. Because that somehow meant collapse of communism, there was the anti-globalization movement. Through this movement, people became more aware of the great inequalities produced by globalization in mainly economic sense, but ironically, it helped globalization to be spread in the world. At that time, people thought that globalization was becoming a single place.

The most common idea of globalization might be increasing connectivity, and regarding of this, Samuel Huntington said the world would more focused on civilizational issues, as like people’s reaction on Bush’s proclaim about 9/11. He mentioned that civilizational conflicts would prioritize of all profound differences.

Globalization was seen to have three dimensions, which are the economic, the political, and the cultural. As time went by, with the development of technologies, people from all over the world are able to communicate either directly or through the internet, and it has brought the increase of social interaction. Therefore, more and more people think the dimensions of globalization are the economical, the political, the cultural, and the social. Speaking of the economic globalization, there are several things to talk about. Ritzer announced a new term ‘McDonaldization’, which means spread of goods or services to all around the world from America in a homogeneous way. But at the same time, they need to adapt their stuff to local circumstances to succeed, and we also got another term ‘glocalization’. It’s about the relationship between the global and the local and definitely one of consequences that globalization has brought. People foresee that it will be a more and more important and inevitable project to cope this issue globally with local circumstance. In order to do that, the two words ‘global’ and ‘local’ need to be seen as being different sides of the same icon than being apposite.

Immanuel Wallerstein raised an issue of the form of globalization and he said that the modern world could be systematized and coordinated along imperial lines. But without thinking of imperial lines, he insisted that globalization has been produced by the expansion of capitalism. Many authors see the 4 forms of globalization such as : the international-systemic aspect, the concept of humanity, individual selves, and the nation-state.

Globalization can be characterized by increasing global connectivity and increasing global consciousness.

2)     I found it ironic but interesting that anti-globalization movement actually contributed to spread of globalization. After reading this article, that fact made sense to me because I figured that globalization is not only global connectivity, but also global consciousness.

I want to think further whether we can see glocalization separately from globalization or not.

I am impressed that one of forms of globalization is the concept of humanity. Because globalization is criticized mainly that it causes inequality. If the humanity is one of the forms, there might be some ways to make that gap smaller and I think that’s all of our responsibility.

3)     I am not clear about international systemic aspect of globalization, and imperial lines in what Wallersetin said. 

Introduction to the blog

This blog is a digital forum where students from fall 2013 class in Sociology of Globalization at the Hanyang University in Korea will discuss their weekly readings and activities.

For each section of the course you are expected to post a a blog post on relevant readings on our blog (http://globsoc2013.blogspot.kr/) and make a comment on another student's post.

An ideal commentary should be about 800 words, divided intro three clearly labeled sections in which you: 1) summarize in your own words of materials you read; 2) mention of any new, interesting, or unusual items learned; 3) identify at least one question, concern, or discussion angle that is either problematic in some respect or could have been elaborated more. This question is likely to be incorporated into our class discussions. You are allowed to quote interesting passage from the text(s) you've read, but the quotes will not count toward any length requirements.

Blog’s deadline is always: Sunday, midnight, of the week the question is posted.
Remember: in addition to the blog post you should also make at least one constructive comment about another student's blog post. Note the word “constructive”. Just posting “I agree” or such will NOT be counted.

Late posts and comments will NOT be accepted. Nothing stops you from doing them IN ADVANCE if you think you may be busy in the upcoming week. As an exception, students who have joined the class after we have started will be allowed to make up late blog postings up to the first week after the add/drop period ends. Add the note “LATE POSTING - ADDED” to such posts and inform me that you are doing so in order to make sure I don't discard your blogs as late.

Note that for this assignment you will need to create a Google Account (https://www.google.com/accounts/NewAccount). Each student will receive an emailed invite to join the blog and become its co-author. You have to accept it before you will be able to post.

Also note that unless you configure your account to do so automatically you will need to sign your blog posts with at least with your first name and initial – so I know who is posting (you can set up your username to do so automatically). Unsigned blog posts will not be graded. Also, add a label to each of your blog based on your name and initial (so for me that would be Piotr K), this will make it easy for you and me to quickly find all of your blogs (how to label a post).

Here is an example of an excellent blog post (structure, content), although note this blog is on the longer side (about 800 words). You are not required to write so much, although if you do, you may receive extra credit.

If you need help with regards on how to post your blog comments, click here. There is a lot of help on how to blog, such as this video (one of many from the official blogger help channel).

You can receive information on when somebody comments on our blog, your blog post and so on by following the guide here